Project Management is a discipline that deals with the planning, organising, and managing of resources to bring about the successful completion of a project along with its objectives.
b) Enumerate/Identify the traditional development phases of a project
Traditional development phases of a project include Initiation stage which, in the context of IT, often involves talking with the client and gathering requirements definition.
The next phase is the Planning and/or Design stage during which the gathered information and resources will be analysed and converted into models which are later used in the implementation of the project.
After the planning phase, the Execution or Production stage follows - the designs created during the previous stage will be materialised. In realtion to IT, this usually includes programming to create the project.
The project (usually a system or a software) then moves on to the Monitoring and Controlling phase where testing of the output will be made. It is in this stage that the project is evaluated as to whether it has met the specific objectives or if it has failed to do so. In this case, the project goes back to Planning and/or Design stage for re-designing/improvements and then for another round in the Execution and Monitoring and Controlling stage - this goes on in a loop until the sytems satisfies the requirements.
The next phase is the Planning and/or Design stage during which the gathered information and resources will be analysed and converted into models which are later used in the implementation of the project.
After the planning phase, the Execution or Production stage follows - the designs created during the previous stage will be materialised. In realtion to IT, this usually includes programming to create the project.
The project (usually a system or a software) then moves on to the Monitoring and Controlling phase where testing of the output will be made. It is in this stage that the project is evaluated as to whether it has met the specific objectives or if it has failed to do so. In this case, the project goes back to Planning and/or Design stage for re-designing/improvements and then for another round in the Execution and Monitoring and Controlling stage - this goes on in a loop until the sytems satisfies the requirements.
The last stage is the Closing stage which often means system installation. In some cases, a project does not really end here (depending on the scope). Some projects require maintenance and at some point changes as well.
c) Which phases are commonly done or conducted using information systems (either standalone or web-based)
Information systems (IS) are usually utilized during the Execution/Production stage as well as during the Monitoring & Controlling phase. In some cases, Planning/Design also requires the use of IS as aiding tools.
d) State three or more advantages of using information systems for each of the phases that use them.
Advantages of using IS during the Execution/Production & Monitoring/Controlling phases are the following:
- resources (both human and technology) are maximized
- processes and tasks are executed better
- ideas for developments/improvements come faster
- resource and information gathering is made easier
- contingency plans are usually more effective and reliable
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